cover

be covered by, be covered with

这两个短语共同的意思是“被…所遮盖”,当介词宾语为非人为的自然物时,两者可互换。例如:

The mountain is covered with〔by〕 snow all the year round.山上终年积雪。

它们的区别是：

1.强调状态时多接with,强调动作时多接by。例如:

The mountains are covered with forests.

山上长满了树木。

His teeth were never entirely covered by his lips.

他的牙齿从未被嘴唇完全遮住过。

2.当介词宾语为一件较小的覆盖物(如:cloth, book)时,一般要用with,因为此时往往用“人”作为行为施动者。例如:

The table was covered with a table cloth (by me).(我在)桌上盖着一块桌布。

cover, conceal, dissemble, hide

这组词都有“掩饰”“蒙蔽”的意思。它们的区别是：

hide是这组词中含义最广泛的词,既可指故意的隐藏,也可指无意中偶然的隐藏,有时还指客观上某物被另一物所掩盖; conceal强调故意将事物隐藏起来,不使他人知道; dissemble和cover指用言语或行动来隐藏或掩饰真正的感情、思想、意向、计划等, cover有蒙混过关或不被人发觉的意味; 而dissemble指可以令人产生一种错觉。例如:

The trees concealed me from view.

那些树把我遮住,别人看不见。

He was thinking the enemy must have hidden themselves somewhere.

他在想敌人一定藏在什么地方。

How can we cover up our mistakes?

我们怎样才能把我们的错误掩盖起 来呢?

She dissembled her anger with a smile.

她以微笑掩饰她的愤怒。

cover, protection, refuge, shelter

这组词都是指一处保护某人使不受袭击或伤害的地方,但含义有所不同:cover的意思是“隐蔽物”“躲避处”,是把事物隐藏起来以确保安全的保护物,它既可指野生动物找到的树丛等天然的躲避处,也可指阻挡袭击的物体、房屋等; protection的意思是“保护物”“保护”,在这组词中,它的词义最笼统,用途最广,可指任何阻挡伤害或破坏的事物; refuge和shelter都用以指无家可归的人能够得到照顾和施舍的地方。例如:

Take cover in the barn as soon as you hear gun fire.

一听见枪声就躲进谷仓里吧。

A strong defence system offers protection from sudden attack by the enemy.

坚固的防御系统提供保护以防备敌人 的突袭。

The trees formed a shelter over our heads.

这些树成为我们的庇护所。

He has found a refuge.

他已找到一个避难所。