gather

gather, assemble, collect, congregate

这组词都有“收集”“聚集”“收捡”的意思。它们的区别在于:

1.collect指为了某一目的,用心地收捡,并加以仔细整理。例如:

He hung up the map on the wall and collected political cadres and teachers to address them.他把那张地图挂在墙上,召集政治干部和政治教员来给他们讲话。

2.gather是收集的最普通用语,指自发地集中在一起或把分散的东西收拢起来,或从不同的方向聚集到一起,胡子眉毛一把抓地堆集,还可指将抽象事物归拢。例如:

He travels about the world gathering facts about the little-known disease.他走遍世界,收集鲜为人知的疾病资料。

The hosts are gathered in the adjoining lounge.许多人聚集在隔壁的休息室里。

More and more water was gathering in the swamp.沼泽地里的水越积越多。

3.assemble更强调收集的目的,把人或物密集地聚在一起。例如:

He called us all together, and told the assembled company that the exams had been cancelled.他把我们召集到一起,告诉大家考试已经取消。

The members assembled in the meeting room.成员们都聚集在会议室。

Assemble your papers and put them in the file.把你的文件归拢好放在这个文件夹内。

4.congregate是自发地、出自本能地或随意地、散乱地聚集在一起,多用于人或动物。例如:

A crowd congregated around the orator.一群人聚集在演说者的周围。

The crowd congregated in the town square to hear the President speak.人群聚集到市镇广场上来听总统讲话。

Cattle congregate during a storm.在暴风雨中,牲口聚集在一起。

gather, conclude, deduce, infer, judge

这几个词共同的意思是“推断”。它们的区别在于:infer指从不太充分的论据或前提中推断出结论; conclude指通过推理或判断而得出结论; deduce指有充分根据地推论或逻辑上地演绎; gather指综合事物得出印象或感想等; judge通常指经过仔细鉴定或评价之后作出的决断。例如:

From his a manner of dress and style of living,I gather that he is man of considerable means.从他的穿着式样和生活方式,我揣想他是个相当富有的人。

She had concluded from that her grandmother did not like her.她已从那一点得出结论,断定她祖母不喜欢她。

If you saw a doctor leaving a house, you might deduce the fact that someone in the house was ill.你要是看到医生从一家出来,你就可以推想那家有人生病。

We see smoke and infer fire.我们看到烟,从而推断有火。

Judging from what you said, they ought to succeed.从你说的情况看来,他们应当能成功。

gather, garner, glean, harvest, reap

这组词共同的意思是“收割”。它们的区别是：

1.reap常指收割谷物; glean专指收拾或拾起遗留在收割完毕的田里的庄稼或落穗; gather是常用词,指采集蔬菜、花草、水果等; garner是诗歌用语,指贮藏谷物等农产品; harvest则包括以上各词所指的任何一种意义。

2.reap引申指遭到报应或得到报偿; glean引申指搜集有价值的零星物品; gather引申指归拢人或物; garner引申指积累具体或抽象的事物。